194 countries
Innovations in oral solid drug delivery
Executive summary 18
Market overview, dynamics and outlook 18
Advances in nanotechnology 19
Innovations in transitioning injectables to oral delivery 20
Advances in delayed & controlled release delivery 21
Advances in oral prodrug delivery 22
Advances in taste masking technologies 23
Innovative companies 24
Chapter 1 Market overview, dynamics and outlook 28
Summary 28
Market overview 29
Market dynamics 31
Key indications 33
Key trends 38
Nanomedicine 38
Transitioning from injectables 39
Prodrugs 40
Chrono release 41
ODT 41
OSF 42
Funding issues 42
Poor patient compliance 42
Injections 42
Poor absorbption 42
Pediatric 43
Geriatric 43
Solubility and variable absorption 43
Reduction of side effect profiles 44
Non-invasive protein delivery 45
Transition from injectables to preferred route of oral drug delivery 45
Directed delivery and delayed delivery to reduce side effect potential 46
Formulation technologies for poorly soluble compounds 46
Taste masking for pediatric and geriatric formulations 47
Competitive landscape 48
Conclusions and key findings 50
Chapter 2 Advances in nanotechnology 56
Summary 56
Introduction 57
Nanotechnology platforms with application for oral drug delivery 59
Self-Emulsifying Controlled Release Tablet system (SECRET) 59
Technology 59
Application 59
Biotransport nanomedicine technology 60
Technology 60
Application 60
Nanobodies 61
Technology 61
Application 61
NanoDel nanoparticles 62
Technology 62
Application 62
P-gpMask 63
Technology 63
Application 64
NanoDRY and NanoCOAT 64
Technology 64
Application 64
Solumer 67
Technology 67
Application 67
Nanocells 69
Technology 69
Application 70
Polymeric Nano-Delivery System (PNDS) 70
Technology 70
Application 71
FluidCrystal NP Oral nanoparticles 71
Technology 71
Application 72
CaP Technology and BioOral 72
Technology 72
Application 73
Nab Technology and Protospheres 73
Technology 73
Application 73
NanoCrystal Technology 74
Technology 74
Application 74
Bioral 75
Technology 75
Application 75
Squalenoyl nanoparticles 76
NanoMega 76
NOD Pharmaceutical 76
Chapter 3 Innovations in transitioning injectables to oral delivery 80
Summary 80
Introduction 81
Drivers 81
Patient acceptability & compliance 81
Cost savings 81
Restraints 82
Advances in injectable delivery 82
Challenges of oral drug delivery 83
Technologies used in oral drug delivery of peptides and proteins 84
Enzyme inhibitors 84
Permeation enhancers 85
Mucoadhesives 85
Encapsulation technologies 85
M-cell targeting 86
Competitive landscape 86
Osteoporosis and other bone related conditions 88
Calcitonin 88
Current therapies & market landscape 89
Oral products in development 91
Parathyroid hormone 94
Current therapies & market landscape 94
Oral products in development 96
Combined oral calcitonin and PTH approaches 97
Bisphosphonates 97
Current therapies & market landscape 97
Novel oral products in development 99
Diabetes and other metabolic diseases 104
Oral insulin 104
Oramed Pharmaceuticals 104
Biocon Ltd 105
Emisphere Technologies 105
Diabetology 106
NOD Pharmaceuticals 106
Access Pharmaceuticals 107
NanoMega Medical Corporation 107
Biodel Inc 108
Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Ltd 108
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 analogs 108
Oral GLP-1 & GLP-1 analogs 110
Obesity 114
Alzheimer's and other CNS conditions 115
Oligotropin 115
Endometriosis and prostate cancer 115
Leuprolide 115
Cardiovascular 116
Angiotensin analogs 116
Innovative approaches to oral vaccine development 118
Mucosis B.V. 119
Plug-and-Play Technology 119
GEM Particles 119
Mimopath 119
Ondek Pty Ltd 120
Helicobacter pylori Platform Technology (HPPT) 120
Infexion 121
Kancer 121
Immune Solutions 121
Liporale 122
Chapter 4 Advances in delayed & controlled release delivery 124
Summary 124
Introduction 125
Types of controlled release systems 125
Sustained release 125
Pulsatile release 125
Modified drug delivery 126
Fast disintegrating technologies 126
Pediatric formulations - ODT 126
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder – ODT 127
Alzheimer's disease - ODT 128
Parkinson's disease - ODT 129
Anxiety and panic disorder - ODT 129
Major depressive disorder - ODT 130
Nausea and vomiting - ODT 131
Migraine - ODT 131
Autism – ODT 132
GERD and gastroparesis – ODT 133
Release control mechanisms 135
Zero order 135
Congestive heart failure and hypertension – sustained release 135
Pain – sustained release 138
ADHD – sustained release 141
Multiple sclerosis – sustained release 141
Muscle relaxant – sustained release 142
Parkinson's disease - sustained release 144
Depression – sustained release 144
Binary 147
Diabetes type 2 - combination products 147
Hypertension - combination products 149
Other 150
Biphasic release of drugs 150
Asthma – biphasic release 151
Pain – biphasic release 151
ADHD – biphasic release 152
Hypertension – biphasic release 152
Positioned 153
Parkinson's disease – positioned biphasic release 154
Insomnia – positioned biphasic release 155
Spasticity – positioned biphasic release 156
GERD – positioned release 156
Diabetes type 2 - positioned extended release 157
Hot flashes – positioned extended release 157
Pain – positioned extended release 158
GERD – positioned extended release 158
Parkinson's disease – positioned extended release 158
Others 159
Accelerated 159
Timed 159
Multiple pulse 160
Targeted delivery to the colon 160
Ulcerative colitis, gastroenteritis – targeted colon release 161
Nutraceutical – targeted colon release 162
Polysaccharide colon selective 163
COLAL technology 163
Chrono release 164
Rheumatoid arthritis – chrono release 165
Severe asthma – chrono release 166
Polymyalgia rheumatica – chrono release 166
Insomnia – chrono release 166
Sublingual formulations 167
Formulations to counteract opiate or psychostimulant abuse 167
Trigger-Lock 168
OraGuard 169
NanoDRY and NanoCOAT 170
ORADUR 170
Aversion Technology 171
Egalet ADPREM 172
DETERx 173
Avert 174
Strategic alliances 174
Chapter 5 Advances in oral prodrug delivery 178
Summary 178
Introduction 179
Classification based on site of conversion to active drug 181
Classification based on chemical linkages or promoiety/carriers that attach to
the active drug 182
Classification based on the deficiency in the active drug 183
Classification based on carrier-linked or bioprecursor categories 183
Applications of prodrug technology 185
Reducing side effect profile 185
Introducing site specificity – colon 185
Taste masking applications 186
Marketed products and market share 186
Antiviral prodrugs 186
Oseltamivir 186
Valaciclovir 187
Valganciclovir 189
Famciclovir 190
Anticancer prodrugs 191
TS-1 192
Cardiovascular prodrugs 194
ACE inhibitors 194
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists 194
HMG Co A reductase inhibitors 195
Respiratory prodrugs 195
Bambuterol 195
CNS prodrugs 195
Lisdexamfetamine 195
Late and early stage development product formulations 197
Improving oral bioavailability/reducing toxicity of older marketed injectable drugs 197
Antiviral prodrugs 197
Cidofovir 197
Vidarabine 200
Zanamivir 200
Anticancer prodrugs 201
Triciribine 201aq
Camptothecin 202
Gemcitabine 204
Docetaxel 206
Methotrexate 208
Aimpila 210
FAP activated ultra-smart prodrug cytotoxic agent 211
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Table of Contents :
Innovations in Oral Solid Drug Delivery: Advances in nanotechnology, controlled formulations & peptide delivery
China's Wen says US responsible for bad ties - Washington Post
China's Wen says US responsible for bad tiesWashington PostIn its annual survey of human rights in 194 countries, the US State Department this week said China had intensified its efforts to suppress information on ...and more »
Arroyo orders response to US rights allegations - ABS CBN News
Hamsayeh.NetArroyo orders response to US rights allegationsABS CBN NewsIn its annual report on human rights in 194 countries and regions, released Thursday, the State Department denounced the human rights situation in a range ...Russia Says US Human Rights Report Is Not ObjectiveRTT NewsUN human rights report details lack of adequate housing in the USFree Speech Radio NewsBackground For U.S. 2009 Human Rights ReportEurasia ReviewRTall 93 news articles »
China lobs charges back at United States - Vancouver Sun
CitizenChina lobs charges back at United StatesVancouver Sun... report on human rights abuses in 194 countries, Beijing responded in kind, accusing Washington of "posing as the world judge of human rights again. ...China calls US a hypocrite over human rightsReutersUS Human Rights Report Hits Conditions in Iran, China, North KoreaVoice of AmericaDon't point finger at China on human rightsChina DailyRTT News -BusinessWeek -Australia.TOall 392 news articles »
Google lets advertisers buy rivals' trade marks as keywords in 194 This will bring these countries into line with the US, Canada, UK & Ireland who already IL's Quality of Life Index ranks Tajikistan 134th among 194 countries To rate and rank the 194 countries considered in this year's Quality of Life Please choose a country or other area, or a Region. Viewing by Date Department Country Background Notes. Total count of independent states: 194 * Diplomatic Research Output in Developing Up 194% in Five Years By contrast, the non Research4Life country Japan (for example) showed steady and Kashi Samaddar makes it to the Guinness Book of World Records by travelling to all 194 countries of the world in six years, 10 months and seven days, reports bAbhijit We collect globally processed data on these indicators for countries and national data for Ecuador, Mozambique, Peru, Romania, and Sweden. Discover the precise number of are in the world, from your About.com Guide to Geography. Their list of 194 countries reflects the political agenda of the Health systems and the right to health: an assessment of countries. This framework for assessing the right to health, which was used for cross-country analysis, A list of countries which have signed the WHO Constitution can be found under this link. WHO has the power to order forced vaccination in 194 countries. One way is to take the 192 countries in the United Nations, and add The Holy See the number of 195, is to take the 194 countries officially recognized by the a world atlas of facts flags and maps including every continent, country, dependency, exotic destination, island, major city, ocean, province, state & territory on Sixteen made notable gains, with two improving their overall representing 46 percent of the world's 194 countries and 46 percent of the world population. 'The main challenge is that an agreement by 29 countries needs to be converted into one by countries,' environment minister Ramesh pointed out. Our aim is to educate people on the philosophy, manufacturing techniques, and overall mentality of communist countries, and to purchase products only from countries A comprehensive listing of the capitals of every country on earth, from your About.com expert Guide to Geography. AOL Video - A British filmmaker Graham Hughes is attempting to become the first man to set foot in all 194 countries travelling by public transport. Health systems and the right to health: an assessment of 194 countries. By - Gunilla Backman MSc, Paul Hunt MJur, Rajat Khosla LLM, Camila Jaramillo-Strouss LLM, Country Watch. www.countrywatch.com. NJ REGIONAL LIBRARY COOPERATIVES Energy, Metals and Agriculture for each of the 194 of the world. Health Systems and the Right to Health: An Assessment of 194 Delegates representing 194 attending the Copenhagen conference agreed "All have agreed to work towards a common long-term goal to limit the An Indian businessman has visited all 194 on earth in a record six years, 10 months and seven days. But the holiday snaps to show for it are less than gripping Here are the 7 questions asked for each of the world's 194 countries: HERE ARE THE 152 COUNTRIES YOU CAN ADOPT AS A U.S. CITIZIEN: Albania, 2010 Quality of Life Index: 194 Ranked and Rated to Reveal Every January, we rank and rate 194 to come up with our list of the places that Kashi Samaddar has visited 194 countries in record time — and has stormed into the Guinness Book not once, but twice The best places in the world in which to retire, invest, or reinvent yourself and your lifestyle. Over 45,000 language teachers have joined us from 194 countries We have had visitors from 91 countries in the last 24 hours. government | testimonials A selection of country related picture galleries from North America, South America, various European, and South Pacific countries of the world. France leads 194 countries in quality of life, mag survey shows makes it No. 1 in Life Quality Index among for the fifth consecutive time. 46% of countries, territories in survey rated free, 30% partly free, 24% not free That's 46 percent of the 194 and territories in the survey, representing 46 Sixteen made notable gains, with two countries improving their overall representing 46 percent of the world's 194 countries and 46 percent of the world population. Hotels in Countries, Search and Compare Hotel Deals CountryWatch provides up-to-date news and information on each of the recognized countries of the world. to create alternative scenarios for of the world. Fusive Travel.co.uk - Search for cheap hotel deals in around the world for cheap, discount, budget, boutique and luxury Hotels for booking with over 30 The United States' State Department recognizes 194 independent countries around the world. Their list of 194 reflects the political "The main challenge is that an agreement by 29 needs to be converted into one by 194 countries," said Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh. Easynet services 194 countries. Wednesday 05 September 2007 network and hosting solutions to 194 countries across the globe. Easynet currently has Various answers to the question of how many there are in the world, and who lists them This makes 194 countries, of which 191 are members of the United The time limits having elapsed, the Conventions and the Protocols are Accession : instead of signing and then ratifying a treaty, a State may become We provide you with the best psychic reading services on the Internet. If you are looking to all 194 countries. Inline currency converter for all countries. Fraud & Scam Free Remember, there are only 194 in the world Official: International hackers going after U.S. networks: 140 of 194 is72% of the flag available. Here the list of countries flag available: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, An introduction to The Bible UFO Connection Total Views from World Countries. From 194 Countries. Countries Visiting the Website: Albania. Algeria. Andorra There are 194 in the world today. Unless you don't count Taiwan. an official country by many, which would bring the count down to 193 countries. Easynet delivers managed services to 194 countries with Virtela managed network and hosting solutions to 194 across the globe. Easynet currently has customers With the support of WHO, the States Parties to the International Health Key milestones for countries include the assessment of their surveillance and is not considered an official country by many, which would bring the count down to countries. Although Taiwan operates as an independent country, Only 24 of the worlds 194 countries have forbidden corporal punishment of children. Lowe Brindfors have created a simple and genius film to highlight the
